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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Age estimation plays a significant role in forensic science, archeology, pediatric endocrinology and clinical dentistry. Tooth development is a reliable pathway for age estimation, especially in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Demirjian method (DM), Willems method (WM) and Cameriere method (CM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included panaramic radiographs of 330 individuals (165 girls, 165 boys) aged between 5 and 15.90 years. The differences between chronological age (CA) and the estimated dental age (DA) were statistically tested using a paired sample t-test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: The mean prediction error showed that; the DM overestimated the DA by 0.304 years, the WM underestimated the DA by -0.060 years and the CM underestimated the DA by -0.580 years. The difference between CA and estimated DA was not statistically significant according to WM (p = 0.074) and statistically significant according to DM and CM (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study indicated that WM determines DA satisfactorily in a Turkish subpopulation.

Background and Aim: Age estimation plays a significant role in forensic science, archeology, pediatric endocrinology and clinical dentistry. Tooth development is a reliable pathway for age estimation, especially in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Demirjian method (DM), Willems method (WM) and Cameriere method (CM). Materials and Methods: This study included panaramic radiographs of 330 individuals (165 girls, 165 boys) aged between 5 and 15.90 years. The differences between chronological age (CA) and the estimated dental age (DA) were statistically tested using a paired sample t-test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The mean prediction error showed that; the DM overestimated the DA by 0.304 years, the WM underestimated the DA by -0.060 years and the CM underestimated the DA by -0.580 years. The difference between CA and estimated DA was not statistically significant according to WM (p = 0.074) and statistically significant according to DM and CM (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study indicated that WM determines DA satisfactorily in a Turkish subpopulation. © 2018 Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice.

Background and Aim: Age estimation plays a significant role in forensic science, archeology, pediatric endocrinology and clinical dentistry. Tooth development is a reliable pathway for age estimation, especially in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Demirjian method (DM), Willems method (WM) and Cameriere method (CM). Materials and Methods: This study included panaramic radiographs of 330 individuals (165 girls, 165 boys) aged between 5 and 15.90 years. The differences between chronological age (CA) and the estimated dental age (DA) were statistically tested using a paired sample t-test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The mean prediction error showed that; the DM overestimated the DA by 0.304 years, the WM underestimated the DA by -0.060 years and the CM underestimated the DA by -0.580 years. The difference between CA and estimated DA was not statistically significant according to WM (p = 0.074) and statistically significant according to DM and CM (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study indicated that WM determines DA satisfactorily in a Turkish subpopulation.

The aim of this study was to determine ion accumulation and distribution mechanisms in watermelon. Salt sensitive Golden crown F1 and salt tolerant Midyat genotype Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.) seedlings were grown in Hoagland nutrient solution. When plants had 3-4 true leaves, 100 mM NaCl was applied. Shoot fresh weights, Na+ , K + , Ca +2 ion distribution in root, stem and leaves of the plants subjected to 14 days salt stress were determined. Salt tolerant Midyat genotype had higher shoot fresh weight than salt sensitive Golden crown F variety. Ion (Na+ , K + , Ca +2 ) accumulation in Golden crown F variety root was higher than Midyat genotype.Nevertheless, while Na ion accumulation in the shoot of the Golden Crown Fcultivars were higher, no differences between genotypes were determined for K+ , Ca +2 ions. Na was higher in salt sensitive variety’s leaves, whereas, K+ and Ca+2 ions accumulation was higher in Midyat genotype’s leaves. As a result, it was determined in this study that salt avoidance mechanism worked in watermelon. Additionally, it was observed that watermelon acted to be selective in ion uptake, there was a competition in terms of K+ and Na+ ions uptake and this salt-tolerant genotype had higher K+ accumulation rate. There was an increase in K accumulation in salt stress treated plants. A reverse relationship between K and Na ions was determined in ion distribution among organs. While N accumulation in an organ increased K ion accumulation decreased in that organ, and vice versa. Accumulation of Ca ions increased from root of the plant towards to leaves., Tuza hassas Golden crown F ve tolerant yerel Midyat genotipine ait karpuz (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.) fideleri Hoagland besin çözeltisi içerisinde büyütülmüştür. Bitkiler 3-4 gerçek yaprağa sahip iken 100 mM NaCl uygulanmıştır. 14 gün süreyle tuz stresi uygulanan bitkilerin yeşil aksam ağırlıklarına, kök, gövde ve yapraklarındaki Na, K, Ca iyon dağılımlarına bakılmıştır. Çalışmadaki amaç karpuzda iyon birikim ve dağılım mekanizmasını belirlemektir. Tuza toleranslı olan Midyat genotipinin yeşil aksam yaş ağırlığı, hassas olan Golden crown F çeşidine göre daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Ayrıca Golden crown F çeşidinin bitkilerinin köklerindeki iyon birikimleri (Na, K, Ca) Midyat genotipinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Fakat Golden crown F çeşidinin gövde kısmında biriktirdiği Na iyonu yüksek çıkarken, K+ , Ca +2 iyonları bakımından genotipler arasında fark bulunmamıştır. Yapraklarda ise Na+ iyonu yine hassas olan çeşitte yüksek, toleranslı Midyat genotipinde düşük bulunmuş, Midyat genotipinde K + ve Ca iyonları birikimi daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada gözlemlenen, karpuzda tuzdan sakınım mekanizmasının çalıştığıdır. Ayrıca, karpuzun iyon alımında seçici davrandığını, K ile Na arasında alınım bakımından bir rekabetin olduğunu ve tolerant genotiplerin yüksek oranda K tutma kapasitesine sahip olduklarını gösterdiği gibi, tuz stresi uygulanmış bitkilerin K birikimlerinde artışın olduğu görülmüştür. Organlara göre iyon dağılımında, Na iyonu ile K iyonu zıt ilişki göstermiştir. Na iyonunun arttığı organda K azalırken, Na’nın az biriktiği organda K iyonu artmıştır. Ca iyonun bitkinin köklerinden yapraklarına doğru birikimi artmıştır.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the periodontal response to the presence of all-ceramic crowns (IPS Empress) in general practice patients. Methods: The convenience sample included 82 IPS Empress crowns placed in 64 patients. These crowns had been in place for an average of 16.27 (SD 9.26) months and ranged from 6.2 to 48.87 months at the time of clinical examination. Periodontal health status (as determined by dental plaque, gingival health status, periodontal pockets) was assessed around all crowned teeth and around matched contralateral teeth by one calibrated examiner. Periodontal indices utilized included the Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI) and pocket depth (PD) with calibrated probes graduated in millimetres. Plaque, gingival and PD values for crowned teeth were compared with those for control teeth using Wilcoxon signed-rank test for each clinical parameters. Chi-square was used to test the significance of the difference in their distribution between crowns and control teeth. Results: Statistically, PI (0.35), GI (0.41) and mean PD scores (1.42) of IPS Empress crowned teeth compared less favourably with scores of the control teeth (0.27, 0.23 and 0.86 respectively). Conclusion: Teeth with IPS Empress crowns had poorer periodontal health and more clinically evident plaque than uncrowned teeth.

Focuses on the performance planning value chain (PPVC). The PPVC is the latest thinking in the field of Performance Measurement developed by the Centre for Business Performance, Cranfield School of Management. It provides a systemic process for using data to enhance decision‐making, bringing together a vast array of tools to extract value from data and focus efforts on what will add real value to the organisation.

The response of the antioxidant system to salt stress was studied in the leaves and callus tissues of 4 Turkish melon varieties (Cucumis melo L.) Besni, Yuva, Midyat, and Semame and a melon cultivar Galia C8. The antioxidant capability of the plants was determined by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. On the 8th day of the salt stressed callus culture, growth reductions were observed in the weight of the callus in the salty medium compared to the control in all varieties. Salt treatment increased enzyme activities in stress-tolerant Galia C8, Midyat, and Semame. On the other hand, salt treatment did not cause a significant increase in SOD activity in the callus tissues of saltsensitive Yuva and moderately tolerant Besni. CAT activity increased in all of the genotypes grown under saline conditions compared with control calli. Increases in CAT activities were higher in salttolerant Galia C8 and Midyat than in all of the other varieties used in the callus culture. Data indicate that melon plants respond to salt-induced oxidative stress by increasing their enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. The results taken from the experiments with intact melon plants were obtained in the same manner as the callus culture.Key words: Antioxidant, callus culture, Cucumis melo, enzyme, salt tolerance.

Both intellectual capital and the management of knowledge are strongly emerging themes in today’s organisational world. Many authors and practitioners note that the emerging patterns are that intellectual capital will replace natural resources, commodities, finance, technology and production processes as the key factor influencing competitive advantage. However, knowledge management (KM) is still in its infancy. Aims to identify the critical success factors and best practices of KM through analysing the experiences of several organisations. Starts by defining what is meant by “knowledge” and “knowledge management”, and overviews the methodology used for identifying best practices. The second part is concerned with presenting a systematic and critical review of the published experiences of 40 organisations in KM. The analysis examined the methodologies pursued, IT support used, structures employed, results achieved, and the perceived critical success factors. This analysis allowed the proposal of several “best practices” for successful KM, which are presented and discussed.

It is becoming increasingly clear that the engine for organisational development is not analysts, but managers and people who do the work. Without altering human knowledge, skills, and behaviour, change in technology, processes, and structures is unlikely to yield long‐term benefits. Managing business productivity has essentially become synonymous with managing change effectively. To manage change, companies must not only determine what to do and how to do it, they also need to be concerned with how employees will react to it. In this respect, the role of human resource management (HRM) is moving from the traditional command and control approach to a more strategic one, and studies have highlighted “employee empowerment” as one of its critical success elements. Introduces a study that aimed at identifying the current trends and best practices in employee empowerment by analysing case studies of pioneering organisations and validating the findings through a survey of leading UK organisations. Presents the findings of this survey and provides comments and a conclusion about the future directions in “empowerment”.

Customer relationship management (CRM) is a growing trend in banks today and billions have already been spent on CRM systems. Financial service providers (FSPs) are, however, recognising the many challenges they face in implementing an enterprise CRM business strategy. This paper provides an overview of research work undertaken, in partnership with a major UK bank, to assess the validity of the ‘sales through service’ concept. The project aimed at identifying the requirements for a successful cross-selling system to provide an external input to the current initiative already underway at the bank. The paper aims to summarise the work undertaken to present what is believed to be a considerable gap between what CRM literature publishes and the actual implementation in ‘real-life’ organisations. It concludes with recommendations for developing the cross-selling initiative at the bank.

The National Health Service (NHS) in the UK has witnessed a plethora of changes during the last two decades and although a lot of work has been done in the area of clinical outcomes and effectiveness, very little has been undertaken in the area of managerial effectiveness. The European Centre for Total Quality Management has conducted a research project involving NHS Trusts throughout England and Wales to determine whether organizational effectiveness is a result of management processes, people, or a combination of both. The project included a survey of NHS Trusts based on a self-assessment questionnaire which assessed 10 key areas: strategic development, business planning, marketing and communications, interagency partnerships, performance management, financial management, corporate governance strategy, clinical effectiveness development, activity/demand management and corporate governance. An Organizational Effectiveness model was then developed to ‘audit’ the responses to the questionnaires and ‘drill ...

Benchmarking is the search for best practices that will lead to superior performance in some business activity. Benchmarking can provide organisations with various benefits in process improvement, culture and, in actual financial terms, benchmarking can provide tremendous leverage. The generic process of benchmarking consists of four main steps, namely: plan, collect, analyse and adapt. A major part of the “plan” step is the benchmarking partner selection phase. This is arguably one of the most crucial factors for success. It involves analysing various attributes ranging from technical issues to cultural aspects. Clearly, this complicates the decision process for practitioners, but if this step is not accomplished properly, the organisation is unlikely to achieve effective results from its benchmarking initiative. In order to improve the chances of successful partner selection for benchmarking, multi‐attribute decision‐making tools are recommended. Explains how to use graphical techniques in order to evaluate the best practice among the potential candidates for benchmarking.

Presents the findings of a global survey, undertaken by the European Centre for Total Quality Management (UK), which was aimed at identifying the critical success factors for the “effective internal transfer of best practices”. Overall, 227 organisations took part in the study. Participant organisations came from 32 different countries, all involved in benchmarking. The participants represented a wide cross‐section of organisational sectors ranging from non‐profit and government agencies to environmental management services and auto parts manufacturers. The survey shed light on the process and methodologies used by organisations to identify and evaluate best practices, and the process used for post‐implementation evaluation to assess the benefits gained. The results have highlighted the importance of “involvement” (training, ownership, and open communication) of all employees for the effective transfer of best practices. Concludes with an overview of the future issues that are expected to influence the spread and application of benchmarking and best practice transfer.

(2000). Best practice transfer for future competitiveness: A study of best practices. Total Quality Management: Vol. 11, No. 4-6, pp. 734-740.